The Swedish International Biodiversity Programme (SwedBio) was initiated in late 2002 by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida). Its work is organised into the following main components: Integration of biodiversity aspects in Swedish development cooperation, the Collaborative programme and International dialogue and policy methods development. This report aims to summarize the main results from the collaborative programme from 2003-2008. Through the Collaborative Programme SwedBio has had the opportunity to contribute to development of practical work, methods, ideas and policies concerning biodiversity, ecosystem services and local livelihoods. The two emerging issues are Ecosystem Services and Climate Change and Follow-up to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment; there are three dimensions and nine themes. The Collaborative Programme has had a focus on poverty and rights issues which through the experience of the programme has proven to be relevant. Experiences from the supported initiatives clearly affirm that biodiversity is fundamental to human well-being and poverty alleviation and also for mitigation and adaptation to climate change. The section dealing with ensuring equity and human rights in management and use of biodiversity and ecosystem services has case studies involving local and community based management of biodiversity resources.