Much has been written about suspected sabotage of undersea cables in the Baltic Sea, but a UN official said that fishing trawlers are causing the most damage by far, rather than spies.
Western officials have accused Russian vessels of sabotaging undersea communications and power cables in several high-profile incidents in the Baltic Sea in the past few months.
European leaders and experts suspect acts of “hybrid warfare” against Western countries supporting Ukraine, and are calling for increased maritime security.
“The fact that interest in cable resiliency obviously has increased … shows the importance of [this] infrastructure that we are so dependent on,” International Telecommunications Union (ITU) Deputy Secretary-General Tomas Lamanauskas said in an interview with Agence France-Presse.
The laying and operation of underwater cables was long the preserve of a consortium of large telecoms operators, but the Internet giants have largely taken over in recent years, as they strive to keep up with ballooning flows of data.
Today, submarine cables form the backbone of global communications, carrying about 99 percent of the world’s Internet traffic, Lamanauskas said, adding that even when traffic goes through satellites, it is bounced to land stations and goes through underwater cables “to reach every corner of the Earth.”
About 1.4 million kilometers of fiberoptic cables are laid on the ocean floor, enabling the provision of essential services such as trade, financial transactions, public services, digital health and education around the world.
Damage to submarine cables is not uncommon.
According to the International Cable Protection Committee (ICPC), there are an average of 150 to 200 outages per year worldwide, or about three incidents a week.
However, while suspected nefarious activities have been in the headlines, Lamanauskas said that fishing and anchoring is responsible for 80 percent of all recorded damage.
There are also natural hazards, aging, abrasions and equipment failures, he added.
Given the growing importance of such cables, “every incident and every cut of the cable is much more noticeable,” he said.
Moreover, while the undersea cable network is vast, there are only about 500 individual cables in the world, meaning that “even when a few of those are cut or … damaged, the impact” is huge, Lamanauskas said.
That was certainly the case when three submarine cables carrying about a quarter of all Internet traffic between Asia and Europe were cut last year in the Red Sea, or when a huge volcanic eruption severed the cable linking the Tonga archipelago to the rest of the world, he said.
Lamanauskas also highlighted last year’s “important cable cut on the West African coast, [which] really impacted quite a bit of economies” in the region.
It was after that incident that Nigerian Minister of Communications, Innovation and Digital Economy Bosun Tijani approached the ITU to figure out “what can we do together on that,” he said.
In a bid to increase cable resilience, the UN is pushing for the international community to increase cooperation in this highly sensitive sector.
The ITU and ICPC have set up a group of specialists tasked with developing solutions, are to meet for the first time on Wednesday and Thursday next week in Nigeria.
Lamanauskas said there were clearly a number of solutions for improving cable security and resilience.
There was a need for better protection of the cables, he said, but also for faster repairs of damaged cables.
More cables should also be laid in isolated areas, allowing data to be more easily redirected in the event of a cut.
Lamanauskas stressed the need for strict “cohabitation rules” to avoid cable cuts by fishing trawlers or other ships that drop anchors on the seabed.