Coastal communities are integral to the global maritime ecosystem, as both the stewards and primary beneficiaries of oceanic resources. In South Africa, such communities, especially in rural regions like the Western and Eastern Cape, depend on the oceans for their livelihoods, cultural heritage and resilience against environmental changes. However, these coastal communities increasingly face challenges from climate change, pollution and marginalising governance policies. As coastal communities worldwide face environmental and socio-economic challenges, maritime governance must evolve to address these issues sustainably.
To achieve effective governance frameworks, it is essential to strike a balance between ecological, economic and social aspects, integrating community voices, indigenous knowledge, technology and adaptive policies. This commentary, integrating ecological, social, and economic elements, explores how inclusive maritime governance can support sustainable development goals, enhance resilience in coastal communities, and effectively manage marine resources.
South Africa’s maritime industry plays a critical role in supporting the livelihood of coastal communities through fishing, eco-tourism, small-scale fisheries, and aquaculture. These sectors not only provide economic benefits but also play a crucial role in food security and cultural identity.
However, these sectors are under significant pressure from environmental degradation, overfishing and evolving socio-economic demands. Adopting a people-centred approach to maritime governance is essential for addressing the social and economic needs of coastal populations while protecting marine ecosystems. Key policies, like the small-scale fisheries policy, were developed to address these challenges by formalising small-scale fishers’ rights, particularly within rural coastal regions. This policy reflects a people-centred approach that integrates sustainable practices with community involvement, helping secure livelihoods while conserving marine ecosystems.
Developing an inclusive maritime governance framework that prioritises coastal communities requires a comprehensive and integrated approach, combining advanced technologies, active local engagement, economic diversification, and adaptive strategies to address climate change. Implementing accessible technologies, fostering participatory governance, and enhancing capacity-building are essential for building and strengthening the resilience of coastal communities, while ensuring the sustainable management of marine resources. By embedding these principles into governance policies, South Africa can foster a sustainable blue economy that promotes social equity and environmental stewardship, enhancing the overall well-being of coastal communities.