This presentation has four parts. The first looks at the aims of livelihood diversification programmes in a fisheries and aquaculture sector context. Then, the meaning and scope of livelihood diversification processes is discussed. After this, a few good practice case studies are presented from Nicaragua, Cambodia, Kenya, Philippines and Mozambique and finally, best practice principles for diversification programmes are listed. The presentation concludes that successful diversification programmes have to be based on clear policy aims, participatory processes, multi‐sectoral and multi‐scale interventions, and will build on existing capacities.