This publication is part of the research studies undertaken by the Sectoral Activities Programme of the ILO. The working paper focuses on the risks and dangers in small-scale and artisanal fisheries. It reviews working conditions, typical risks and dangers, safety approaches in developed and developing countries, accidents associated with the marine environment, navigation and fishing operations, problems associated with boat design and construction as well as other risks and dangers. The influence of fishery management measures and economic factors, wars, pirates and other hostile acts are addressed. The author makes an evaluation of these issues and recommendations for action in several areas. The study is a contribution to safety and health in small-scale and artisanal fishing and a follow-up to the Conclusions adopted by the Tripartite Meeting on Safety and Health in the Fishing Industry, held in Geneva, Switzerland from 13 to 17 December 1999.