Fisheries and aquaculture provides employment and livelihood for both men and women. Modern fisheries and aquaculture value chains are diverse, often complex and dynamic, with men and women undertaking different and changing roles depending on culture, values, attitudes and norms concerning resource access and control, mobility, type of technology involved, the extent of commercialisation, and the product involved. In general women are involved more on the lower levels of the fishery value chains having less access to resources and decision making. In contrast, women having higher education levels or having access to resources are involved in the higher levels of the fishery value chains enjoying better benefits. Regardless of gender-role differences, wealthier groups of both women and men play dominant role in the value chain, and they focus more on high value ends. Deprived members have weak bargaining power, little control over resources and prices in the value chain, and they are more vulnerable. Generally, men invest in fishing vessels, nets, other gears, pond construction and are involved more on production. On the other hand, women investing more in processing equipment and they are responsible for fish purchasing, processing, and retailing however, this differs in every fishing area and country.