The findings are presented of a survey conducted among 215 families involved in fish culture in Prey Veng and Svey Rieng Provinces in Cambodia, in order to determine the involvement of women in the small-scale aquaculture sector. The survey identified constraints to, and opportunities for, the participation of women in the sector, and also examined the access to, and control of, resources in regard to fish culture at the family level, verifying the position of women in regard to these issues owing to the introduction of a new activity.