Since its inception in 1993, the Women in Fisheries programme of the International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF) has been highlighting the vital role of women in fisheries. This study, “Women Fish Vendors in Mumbai”, aims to provide insights into the challenges faced by women fish vendors in the city of Mumbai (formerly Bombay). Traditionally, women have been entrusted with the roles of housekeeping, reproductive activities, caregiving, maintaining social cohesion in the community, and supplementing the family’s income by working inside or outside fisheries. However, their work is rarely seen as productive and its value is discounted. A lack of women’s participation in decision-making bodies within communities, fisheries organizations and government has resulted in a general neglect of their interests. This has led to a constant demand by women’s-rights activists and organizations to address market-related issues of women vendors. Towards this end, a need to better understand these issues was recognized at the workshop on “Enhancing Women’s Role in Fisheries” that was organized by ICSF in 2010. This study hopes to fill some of the gaps in understanding the issue of women in fisheries.