Based mainly on Serge Collet’s work — in particular for the theoretical approach — and on his own field research, the author tries to contribute to a better understanding of the human–sea nexus within small-scale fishing communities still characterized by a specific social halieutical morphology. This article, produced in the framework of ECOST, challenges scientists — in particular those biologists and economists for whom the linkage between fishing communities and the sea is narrowly reduced to market relations. This error is maintained by the huge capacity of smallscale fishermen to profit from international markets in a context of globalization. The author tries to highlight the deep cultural endowment of a “marine culture” in the context of globalization, on the one hand, and the fact that marine resources are part of a broader marine entity whose wealth depends on the will of subnatural powers, on the other. Finally, the author explains how the combination of “cultural beliefs” with the lack of trust in scientific research has led to eco-fatalism, questioning at the same time the validity of certain marine resources conservation tools such as Marine Protected Areas.