This thesis addresses one of the contemporary problems facing the sustainability of world’s fisheries—illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing. As a result of IUU fishing, it is estimated that Indonesia loses revenue in excess of US$4 billion annually. The Indonesian Government has identified IUU fishing as a priority policy issue to be addressed. A number laws, regulations and measures have been adopted by the Indonesian Government to address IUU fishing concerns. The thesis examines how Indonesia addresses the problem of IUU fishing and how it implements international fisheries instruments. The discussion commences by providing a brief overview of the key binding and non-binding international instruments and an examination of the national legal framework to address IUU fishing. Despite the enactment of fisheries laws and regulations, there is still a gap between international fisheries instruments and Indonesia’s domestic implementation of such instruments.