The aim of this policy brief is to: alert Pacific Island countries and territories (PICTs) to the projected effects of climate change on the contributions that freshwater (and estuarine) fisheries make to food security; and identify the adaptations and policies needed to reduce the threats and capitalise on the opportunities. Projected increases in air temperatures and rainfall in the tropics are expected to improve the quality and area of habitats for freshwater fish. With good management of catchments, these changes have potential to increase the availability of animal protein in the diets of rural communities living near rivers and lakes. Projected decreases in rainfall in the subtropics are likely to reduce freshwater fish production.