Walmsley S F and White A T. 2003. Influence of Social, Management and Enforcement Factors on the Long-term Ecological Effects of Marine Sanctuaries. Environmental Conservation, Vol 30. 388-407pp.

Marine sanctuaries are increasingly being promoted as tools for conservation and fisheries management. This study investigates the effects of protection over 19 years on substrate composition and fish communities in four marine sanctuaries and corresponding non-sanctuary areas in the Philippines and examines the importance of community support, management measures and enforcement of regulations on these ecological effects.