There is general agreement among conservation practitioners that community-based marine protected areas (CB-MPAs) can improve food security in coastal communities. However, little attention has been given to how communities respond to CB-MPAs, particularly how households try to meet their livelihood needs following the establishment of a restrictive management regime. In this paper, the authors explore the early effects of a CB-MPA geared toward the management of marine resources harvested by women, as measured by perceived income and food availability. They strive to better understand (1) the contribution of women’s fishing activities to livelihood needs, particularly the harvest of blood cockles (Anadara granosa) and mud clams (Polymesoda spp.) (the species under management); (2) differences in how households respond to a CB-MPA; and (3) the relationship between food security and certain aspects of reef health. To illustrate our case, they draw upon their research experience with social and biological impact assessments and their experience in establishing marine protection in the Western Solomon Islands.