Small marine protected areas (MPAs) were established in the Philippines as early as 1974. The history of MPAs is described in relation to the evolution of integrated coastal management (ICM) in the Philippines. Devolution of authority for management of natural resources to local governments in 1991 was a major national policy shift that has supported more localized management efforts. This policy shift has encouraged more MPAs but not a higher rate of success. As the numbers of MPAs increased, the need for a support base beyond the MPA has become apparent. A convergence of MPAs within ICM programs was seen by 2000. Numerous experiments in coastal management have thus been conducted that range from broad area management planning for whole bays to small community-based MPA projects. This paper highlights the important lessons with implications for broader-based support systems required by MPAs within ICM, including the need for a well-articulated process that includes community participation and ownership in collaboration with single or multi-municipal governments; and the the role of multiple stakeholders, government and donor agencies in planning and management.